Thorax with heart and vessels

This 3D printed anatomical model presents a detailed deep dissection of the left shoulder, including the scapula, proximal humerus (up to midshaft), and surrounding muscles, nerves, and vessels. It offers a comprehensive view of the glenohumeral joint and associated neurovascular structures, ideal for teaching and clinical reference.Muscular Structures and Tendon AnatomyAnteriorly, the deltoid muscle has been removed from its origin to reveal deeper layers. Its insertion remains intact, overlying the long head of the biceps brachii, which travels through the bicipital groove toward the shoulder joint capsule.The subscapularis, a multipennate muscle, is fully exposed, including its tendinous insertion beneath the short head of the biceps brachii. Posteriorly, both the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles are visible from their scapular origins to their insertions on the proximal humerus. Nerve and Vascular AnatomyKey neurovascular structures are clearly depicted:- The suprascapular nerve and artery pass beneath and above the superior transverse scapular ligament, respectively.- A major neurovascular bundle—containing the brachial artery, brachial vein, and terminal branches of the brachial plexus (radial, ulnar, median, and medial antebrachial cutaneous nerves)—runs adjacent to the short head of the biceps.- The axillary nerve is shown entering the quadrangular space, while the profunda brachii artery originates nearby, following the radial nerve. Additional Muscle and Ligament FeaturesThe tendons of latissimus dorsi, teres major, and long head of triceps brachii have been transected to improve visibility of the medial humerus and deeper neurovascular pathways.The glenohumeral joint capsule remains intact, with all major extracapsular ligaments preserved, including:- Acromioclavicular ligament- Coracoacromial ligament- Coracoclavicular ligament (both conoid and trapezoid parts)

This 3D anatomical model presents a left lung dissected in a parasagittal plane, offering a unique internal view of pulmonary structures and anatomical landmarks. The mediastinal surface has been removed, allowing detailed observation of internal lung anatomy and its relationship to the heart and diaphragm.Key Features:Bronchial Tree (Internal View):- The primary bronchi are not visible due to prior branching.- Subdivided bronchi are preserved, though the dissection depth makes it unclear whether they represent secondary (lobar) or tertiary (segmental) bronchi. Vascular Structures:- Pulmonary arteries and veins are typically seen at the hilum, but precise levels of subdivision are undetermined in this section.Cardiac Impression:- A clear concave impression remains on the medial lung surface, formed by the left ventricle of the heart pressing against the lung.- Despite the dissection, this landmark remains distinctly visible.Diaphragmatic Surface:- The lung’s base is concave, resting atop the diaphragm.- While the pleura is not preserved, the model indicates where the diaphragmatic recess would form—between the costal and diaphragmatic pleura.

This high-resolution 3D model offers a detailed view of the left lung hilum and associated structures, sectioned sagittally through the cardiac notch. It clearly demonstrates the relationships between the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, pleura, and supporting structures, making it ideal for advanced anatomical education.Key Features:Hilum Anatomy:- Entry/exit point for the pulmonary artery, superior and inferior pulmonary veins, main bronchus, lymphatics, and nerves.- Shows the meeting point of visceral and parietal pleura, forming the pulmonary ligament—the lung’s sole anatomical connection to the body. Pulmonary Circulation:- Pulmonary artery (superior in position) carries deoxygenated blood from the heart.- Pulmonary veins (anterior and inferior) return oxygenated blood to the heart.Bronchial Structure:Left main bronchus and its lobar branches are visible, located posteriorly within the hilum.Additional Views:- Oblique fissure along the lateral lung surface.- Diaphragmatic surface at the base; costal visceral surface posteriorly.- Pulmonary lymph nodes surrounding the hilum, both medially and laterally.

This high-quality 3D print of the skull and cranial cavity preserves key anatomical structures, including the dural folds. A thin strip of the calvaria has been retained in the mid-sagittal plane to maintain the attachment of the falx cerebri.Preserved Tentorium CerebelliThe tentorium cerebelli is carefully preserved in this model, clearly demonstrating the tentorial notch, which normally houses the mid-brain. Highlighted Sella Turcica and Internal Carotid ArteriesIn the region of the sella turcica, the entry points of the internal carotid arteries through the roof of the cavernous sinuses are highlighted in red, providing an intuitive visual guide for students and professionals. Focus on Dural Venous SinusesThe main purpose of this model is to showcase the disposition of the dural folds and the position of the dural venous sinuses, which are highlighted in pale blue. The following sinuses are clearly indicated:- Superior sagittal sinus- Inferior sagittal sinus- Straight sinus- Transverse sinuses- Superior and inferior petrosal sinuses- Sphenoparietal sinuses- Cavernous sinuses

Coeliac TrunkThe celiac trunk, arising at the T12 level, supplies the embryological foregut. Visible branches include the left gastric artery from the left side, the splenic artery passing to the left hypochondrium, and the common hepatic artery on the right. The common hepatic gives rise to the gastroduodenal artery, which connects to the superior mesenteric artery, and the proper hepatic artery, which branches into the left and right hepatic arteries. The right hepatic artery eventually forms the cystic artery supplying the gallbladder. Superior Mesenteric Artery and Inferior Mesenteric ArteryThe superior and inferior mesenteric arteries arise at L1 and L3, supplying the midgut and hindgut. While not fully preserved, the superior mesenteric artery is visible exiting below the pancreas and branching out, and the inferior mesenteric artery descends along the left side of the aorta. The left colic artery branches from the inferior mesenteric artery, supplying the colon via the marginal arteries. Venous System of the AbdomenThe superior mesenteric vein lies posterior to the artery and appears less tubular. Removal of the liver’s left lobe exposes portal vein branches, which carry nutrients from the gut to hepatocytes before draining via hepatic veins into the inferior vena cava.Hilum of the KidneyThe right kidney shows typical anatomy with the renal vein superior, artery inferior, and ureter descending. The left kidney displays variation: the renal vein is inferior and subdivided, the artery is superior, and the ureter descends medially. Muscles, Nerves and Other VasculatureThe psoas major and iliacus muscles are visible on both sides, with key lumbar plexus nerves around them—especially on the left—including the iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, femoral, and genitofemoral nerves. Medial to the psoas major, the left testicular artery (from the aorta) and vein (draining to the left renal vein) are seen. The right testicular vein drains directly into the IVC. A branch of the iliolumbar artery passes beneath the testicular vessels and ureter. GallbladderJust inferior to the liver, the gallbladder can be observed with the cystic artery moving inferiorly to meet it. The cystic duct can also be seen moving from the gallbladder, meeting the common hepatic duct moving from the liver to form the common bile duct.

This 3D model represents one of the largest and most complex in the series, consisting of a partial torso from the diaphragm to the proximal thigh with a complete abdominal cavity preserving varying levels of dissection. This 3D model also records the rare, simultaneous occurrence of indirect and direct inguinal hernias allowing for a consideration of the anatomical underpinnings for both conditions. Given the scale of the dissection this 3D model description is divided into discrete parts based on views and regions.The diaphragmThe diaphragm is preserved on the model’s superior aspect, with both domes and costodiaphragmatic recesses visible despite some distortion from rib removal. The fibrous pericardium rests on the central tendon, with the terminal inferior vena cava seen in the caval foramen. Lateral to this lies the oesophagus in the oesophageal hiatus, and the descending thoracic aorta approaching the aortic hiatus near the vertebrae. The epigastric and hypochondriac regionsIn the abdomen, removal of the anterior wall, greater omentum, and much of the GI tract reveals retroperitoneal structures. The terminal oesophagus enters just left of the liver. With the stomach removed, the pancreas is fully exposed from head to tail, reaching the spleen in the left hypochondrium. Above it, the splenic and common hepatic arteries span the narrow space between pancreas, diaphragm, and liver. The tortuous splenic artery divides near the splenic vein; the common hepatic gives rise to the gastroduodenal and right gastric arteries, superficial to the portal vein. The superior mesenteric vessels pass near the pancreatic head, and the ileocolic artery leads to the caecum. The inferior mesenteric vein arises from the superior rectal vein and crosses the descending aorta. Below the liver, the gallbladder lies between the lobes. On the left, renal vessels pass deep to the pancreas, with ureters descending across the psoas muscles. The umbilical and lumbar regionsMost abdominal organs in the umbilical and lumbar regions have been removed to reveal the posterior abdominal wall. Centrally, the descending aorta and inferior vena cava are prominent, with testicular vessels traceable toward the inguinal region. Two right lumbar arteries branch from the aorta, and the inferior mesenteric artery gives rise to the left colic, sigmoid, and superior rectal arteries. On the right, subcostal, iliohypogastric, and ilioinguinal nerves are visible, along with the circumflex iliac artery.The hypogastrium and iliac regionsThe abdominal aorta bifurcates into the common, internal, and external iliac arteries, with matching iliac veins merging into the inferior vena cava. The obturator artery, ureters, and testicular vessels are visible. In the true pelvis, the peritoneum covers the bladder, while the rectum remains obscured. The right iliac fossa contains the terminal ileum, caecum, and appendix, with nearby vessels and nerves. On the left, the sigmoid colon crosses the iliac fossa, where an epiploic appendage extends into an indirect hernia near the inferior epigastric artery. The inguinal region and perineumThis model uniquely preserves both direct (right) and indirect (left) inguinal hernias, with the inferior epigastric vessels retained for anatomical orientation. The right hernia lies medial to these vessels; the left hernia sac extends laterally into the spermatic cord, containing an epiploic appendage. The perineum reveals the penis, testes, and spermatic cords. On the right, the cord remains intact; on the left, it’s opened, showing a varicose testicular vein linked to the indirect hernia. The thighThe femoral triangle has been dissected on both thighs. On the right, the femoral sheath was removed to reveal the femoral artery, vein, deep inguinal lymph nodes, and femoral nerve. On the left, a broader view exposes anterior and medial thigh muscles, with the femoral artery, profunda femoris, and circumflex iliac artery visible. The model ends mid-thigh, showing cross-sectional anatomy including the femoral shaft, vessels, and muscles in the subsartorial canal.

This detailed 3D model presents a transverse cross-section of the thorax at the level of the T6 vertebra, offering a clear view of thoracic anatomy in relation to skeletal, vascular, respiratory, and cardiac structures.Key Features:Posterior Structures- Begins medially with the spinal cord within the vertebral canal- Costovertebral joints of the 6th ribs are visible, along with surrounding ribs forming the thoracic wall Anterior Thoracic Wall- Costosternal joints show the connection between ribs and sternumMajor Thoracic Organs- Oesophagus located anterior to the vertebral body- Descending aorta situated lateral to the vertebral bodyLungs and Pleural Cavities- Within the pleural spaces (lined by parietal pleura):- Right lung: middle and inferior lobes- Left lung: inferior lobeHeart and Mediastinum- In the middle mediastinum, the heart is shown within the pericardium, sectioned to display internal anatomy:- Left atrium (posterior)- Aortic valve, right ventricle, and right atrium in clockwise order